"Tenses adalah kategori gramatikal yang menempatkan situasi
dalam waktu, untuk menunjukkan ketika situasi berlangsung. Tenses yang masa
lalu, sekarang, dan masa depan. Tense juga dapat membuat perbedaan yang lebih
dari sederhana masa lalu-sekarang-masa depan, past tenses misalnya dapat
menutupi masa lalu umum, masa langsung, atau masa lalu, dengan satu-satunya
perbedaan antara mereka menjadi jarak pada timeline antara titik referensi
temporal. Perbedaan tersebut tidak tepat: acara dapat digambarkan di masa lalu
jauh karena rasanya jauh ke speaker, bukan karena sejumlah set hari telah
berlalu sejak peristiwa itu terjadi, tetapi juga mungkin jauh karena sedang
dikontraskan dengan yang lain, lebih baru-baru ini, peristiwa masa lalu. Hal ini
mirip dengan bentuk lain dari deixis seperti ini dan itu (Fahrurrozi,
2003:25)."
Berikut 16 rumus tenses bahasa Inggris:
|
JENIS TENSES
|
RUMUS TENSES
|
||
|
Verbal
|
Non- Verbal
(Nominal)
|
||
|
PRESENT
|
Simple
present tense
|
S + V(s/es) + O/Adv
|
S + tobe + Adj/Adv
|
|
Present
continuous tense
|
S + Tobe + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + tobe + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Present
perfect tense
|
S + Have/Has + V3 + O/Adv
|
S + Have/Has + been + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Present
perfect continuous tense
|
S + Have/Has + been + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Have/has + been + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
PAST
|
Simple
past tense
|
S + V2 + O/Adv
|
S + Was/Were + Adj/Adv
|
|
Past
continuous tense
|
S + Was/were + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Was/Were + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Past
perfect tense
|
S + Had + V3 + O/Adv
|
S + Had + been + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Past
perfect continuous tense
|
S + Had + been + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Had + been + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
FUTURE
|
Simple future tense
|
S + Will/Shall +
V + O/Adv
|
S + Will + be +
Adj/Adv
|
|
Future
continuous tense
|
S + Will + be + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Will + be + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Future
perfect tense
|
S + Will + Have + V3 + O/Adv
|
S + Will + Have + been + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Future
perfect continuous tense
|
S + Will + Have + been + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Will + Have + been + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
PAST FUTURE
|
Simple past future tense
|
S + Would + V1 +
O/Adv
|
S + Would + Be +
Adj/Adv
|
|
Past
future continuous tense
|
S + Would + Be +Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Would + Be +being + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Past
future perfect tense
|
S + Would + Have +V3 + O/Adv
|
S + Would + Have + Been + Adj/Adv
|
|
|
Past
future perfect continuous tense
|
S + Would + Have + been + Ving + O/Adv
|
S + Would + Have + been + being + Adj/Adv
|
|
Berikut contoh
kalimatnya:
PRESENT
1.
Simple present tense
(+) Daddy works every day
(-) Daddy don’t work every day of the week
(?) do daddy work every day?
2.
Present continuous tense
(+) Ficca is reading novel now
(-) Ficca isn’t reading novel now
(?) is Ficca reading novel
now?
3.
Present perfect tense
(+) she has written a letter to you
(-) she hasn’t written a letter to you
(?) has she written a letter to you?
4.
Present perfect continuous tense
(+) he has been working at the company for five year
(-) he hasn’t been working
at the company for five year
(?) has he been working at
the company for five year?
PAST
1.
Simple past tense
(+) I studied
English language when I was child
(-) I didn’t study English
language when I was child
(?) did I study English
language when I was child?
2.
Past continuous
tense
(+) while Sendy was singing, Fin was watching movie
(-) while Sendy wasn’t singing, Fin was watching
movie
(?) while Sendy
was singing, was fin watching movie?
3.
Past perfect
tense
(+) they had studied math
before they move to France
(-) they had not studied
math before they move to France
(?) had they studied math
before they move to france?
4.
Past perfect
continuous tense
(+) Ifa had been sleeping for 5 hours before Her
father woke up.
(-) Ifa had not been
sleeping for 5 hours before Her fathe woke up
(?) Had she been sleeping for
5 hours before her father woke up?
FUTURE
1.
Simple future
tense
(+) we will go to Paris next month
(-) we will not go to Paris
next month
(?) will we go to Paris next
month?
2.
Future continuous
tense
(+) I will be going to visit my bestfriend at 11am
tomorrow
(-) I won’t be going to visit my bestfriend at
11am tomorrow
(?) will I be going to visit my bestfriend at 11am
tomorrow?
3.
Future perfect
tense
(+) she will have been in this hospital until tomorrow
morning
(-) she will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
(-) she will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
(?) wiil she have been in this hospital until
tomorrow morning?
4.
Future perfect
continuous tense
(+) He will be tired when he arrives.
(-) He will not be tired when he arrives.
(?) will he be tired when he arrives?
PAST FUTURE
1.
Simple past
future tense
(+) I would be pick up when you arrive at
the station tomorrow
(-) I would not be pick up when you arrive
at the station tomorrow
(?) Would you be pick up when I arrive at
the station tomorrow?
2.
Past future
continuous tense
(+) We would be having dinner at home yesterday.
(-) we would not be having dinner at home
yesterday
(?) would we be having dinner at home yesterday?
3.
Past future
perfect tense
(+) she would have be
finished to studied if he had not been lazy
(-) she would not have be
finished to studied if he had not been lazy
(?) would she have be finished to studied if he had not been lazy?
4.
Past future
perfect continuous tense
(+) We would have been waiting long.
(-) we would not have been
waiting long
(?) would we have been waiting long?
http://ega-english.blogspot.com/2012/12/16-rumus-tenses-bahasa-inggris-dan-tips.html
